Titanium: the ideal dental implant material choice. -- Titanium dental implants in compromised conditions: need for enhanced bioactivity and therapy. -- Macro to micro: surface modification of titanium dental implants. -- Nano-scale surface modification of dental implants: fabrication. -- From micro to nano: surface modification for enhanced bioactivity of titanium dental implants. -- Local therapy from nano-engineered titanium dental implants. -- Mechanical stability of anodized nano-engineered titanium dental implants. -- Cytotoxicity, corrosion and electrochemical stability of titanium dental implants. --